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摘要: 20世纪70年代，美国医学界通过流行病学线索发现卫生棉条可能会导致女性患上中毒性休克综合征。后续的流行病学研究提示卫生棉条的吸收率是个中关键，需要制定行业标准。医学专家、卫生管理者、生产商与消费者组织等角色都对这一健康危机做出应对，并出于各自目的参与了卫生棉条吸收率标准的制定。几方对测定方法和等级划分争论不休，未能达成共识。最终，美国食品药品监督管理局在压力之下选择了一个权宜方案，颁布了卫生棉条吸收率标准。这一标准影响了我国的行业标准，但其中尚存在许多问题，需要学界予以关注。Abstract: In the 1970s, the medical community found clues through epidemiological investigations that tampons could cause Toxic Shock Syndrome among women. Subsequent epidemiological studies suggested that the absorption rate might be the most critical influencing factor. Thus, a standard for tampon absorption rate was needed. Medical experts, health officials, tampon manufacturers, and consumer organizations, each with their interests, all responded to this health crisis and participated in the making of a standard for tampon absorption rate. However, those parties failed to reach a consensus on the measurement method and classification of the absorption rate. The final standard for the absorption rate of tampons enacted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration was a stopgap measure. This standard, which still has many problems and needs further investigation from scholars and health officials, has further influenced the industry standard of tampon absorption rate in China.
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Keywords:
- Toxic Shock Syndrome /
- tampon /
- woman /
- history of medicine
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表 1 FDA第一版卫生棉条吸收率标准
吸收率等级 1g卫生棉条能吸收生理盐水的重量/克 初级 junior ≤6 常规 regular ＞6，≤9 超级 super ＞9，≤12 超特级 super plus ＞12，≤15 
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表 2 FDA第二版卫生棉条吸收率标准
吸收率等级 1g卫生棉条能吸收生理盐水的重量/克 初级 junior ≤6 常规 regular ＞6，≤9 超级 super ＞9，≤12 超特级 super plus ＞12，≤15 极多 ultra ＞15，≤18
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